Whiskey nke Scotland: Njem otu narị afọ site na ime biya ọdịnala ruo na mgbasawanye zuru ụwa ọnụ

Mmalite na Ebe Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme Dị Mkpa

Mmanya Scotch, nke a kpọrọ Scotch, na-egosi ọkwa ya pụrụ iche. A na-eji aka ọrụ dị mma emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ a site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ n'ala Scotland ochie a, na-emepụta ụtọ pụrụ iche na nke na-atọ ụtọ. A pụrụ ịchọta ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme ya dị omimi site n'oge ọchịchị Ming na China ihe karịrị afọ 500 gara aga. Ka oge na-aga, mmanya Scotland aghọwo ihe a na-ekerịta n'etiti ndị na-anụ ụtọ mmanya na ndị hụrụ ya n'anya n'ụwa niile.

A pụrụ ịchọta mmanya wiski nke Scotland ihe karịrị afọ 500, ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme ogologo oge na ọmarịcha pụrụ iche, nke na-adọrọ mmasị n'ụwa nke ukwuu.

Mmalite nke Mmanya Na-aba n'anya

Mmanya malt, dịka otu n'ime ihe ọṅụṅụ kacha ochie n'akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ, bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ dị ụtọ, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke a na-agbaze agbaze na mbụ. Agbanyeghị, iji ghọọ whiskey a ma ama n'ụwa niile taa, ọ ka kwesịrị ịgafe oge dị mkpa - "mgbaze". Na narị afọ nke 12 AD, e webatara teknụzụ ịgbaze agbaze na Yuropu site n'aka ndị Arab si China dị anya. Tupu nke a, a na-ejikarị mmanya dị elu eme ihe n'ọhịa ahụike, ebe obibi ndị mọnk kesara ya, a na-asọpụrụkwa ya dị ka "mmiri nke ndụ". Mmiri anwansi a dọtara mmasị ọha na eze na chọọchị ngwa ngwa.

Eze na-edu ụdị whiskey ahụ

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke wiski Scotland nwere ike ịpụta na 1494, mgbe Eze James nke Anọ nke Scotland nwere mmasị pụrụ iche maka wiski ma sonyekwa n'ime usoro ịme mmanya ya. N'agwaetiti Aire, eze nyere otu mọnk Katọlik aha ya bụ John Corr ọrụ ịzụta malt dị ka ihe eji eme ihe na ime wiski nke a maara dị ka "mmiri nke ndụ", nke hà nhata ihe dị ka karama 1500 taa. Kemgbe ahụ, wiski aghọwo ihe ọṅụṅụ eze, ọnọdụ ya dịkwa anya.

Egwuregwu ike dị n'etiti Eze Su na Eze Ying

Mgbe James nke Anọ nwụsịrị, Scotland dara n'okpuru ọchịchị eze Britain na 1513. Henry nke Asatọ gbazere ụlọ ndị mọnk Scotland ma manye ndị mọnk ka ha pụọ ​​n'ụlọ ha. Mgbe ha wagharịrị n'etiti ndị mmadụ, ndị mọnk a nwere ike ịdabere naanị n'ụzọ ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ha mkpa iji nweta ihe ha ga-eri site n'ịme wiski n'ala na ugbo nkeonwe. Agbanyeghị, ndị omeiwu Scotland, nke ịhụnanya ọha na eze nwere maka wiski kpaliri, kpebiri ime ka ọ bụrụ iwu kwadoro. Agbanyeghị, n'anya ezinụlọ eze Britain, wiski Scotland ka bụ iwu na-akwadoghị. Iji nweta òkè n'ahịa wiski mana ha achọghị ime ka mmepụta ya bụrụ iwu kwadoro, ezinụlọ eze Britain nakweere atụmatụ aghụghọ na mbido narị afọ nke 18 - itinye ụtụ isi dị ukwuu na malt. Atụmatụ a mekwuru ka mmekọrịta siri ike dị n'etiti Scotland na England ka njọ.

Mgbasawanye zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ejide ohere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na narị afọ nke 19, Briten nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu nke akụnụba mba ya bara ọgaranya. Site na ohere a, ndị nnukwu mmanya dịka Tommy Dewar, Johnnie Walker, James Chivas, na ndị ọzọ akwalitela wiski Scotland n'ahịa ụwa - site na Hong Kong na-ekwo ekwo ruo Hanoi oge ochie, site na Sydney na-ekwo ekwo ruo San Francisco na-ekwo ekwo, site na Montreal na-ekwo ekwo ruo Mumbai na-ekwo ekwo, ọbụna ruo Cape Town na Cape Verde Islands dị anya. Njem ụwa nke wiski Scotland amalitela, na-emeri ịhụnanya na-adịgide adịgide nke ndị ahịa ụwa ma na-atọ ntọala siri ike maka ihe ịga nke ọma taa.

Mmepụta teknụzụ mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị

Na 1938, mba Amerịka ghọrọ isi ahịa mbupụ maka wiski Scotland. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gwụchara, a kpọrọ wiski "ihe ọṅụṅụ nke ụwa nweere onwe ya," n'ihi nkwalite sara mbara na Hollywood na mgbasa ozi Europe nke ndị otu Allies, aha ya na-eto kwa ụbọchị. Ka ọ na-erule 1970, mmepụta nke wiski malt amụbaala okpukpu abụọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere 1960. Site na mmụba na mmepụta, ụlọ ọrụ wiski emeela ka ọgbara ọhụrụ. Tankị saccharification nke ọkara akpaka ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie tankị rake na plow saccharification ọdịnala, arụmọrụ ya dị irè na nhicha ya emeela ka arụmọrụ ọrụ ya dị elu okpukpu atọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ distille ewebatala ihe ọkụ ozugbo ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee gaa na usoro ikpo ọkụ steam.

Mmụba nke otu malt

N'afọ 1960, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Glenfiddich gosipụtara nghọta ahịa nke ọma ma kpebie ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta site n'ịkwalite mmanya ha n'ụdị "otu malt". Ọ bụ ezie na wiski agwakọtara agwakọta chịrị ahịa n'oge ahụ, ihe ọhụrụ a meghere ụzọ maka mmụba nke wiski otu malt. Glenfiddich rere igbe 11422 nke wiski otu malt, ma ka ọ na-erule 1970, ahịa ha kwa afọ agafeela igbe 50000, nke ruru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke òkè ahịa mbupụ nke Sunway ma bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu na wiski otu malt.

Ahịa China na-aga nke ọma

N'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, ịhụnanya China nwere maka mmanya wiski Scotland etoola ngwa ngwa, a na-atụkwa anya na usoro a ga-aga n'ihu. Ọ bụ ezie na Baijiu na-achị ahịa mmanya China, ndị na-eto eto na ndị nwere ego na-aga Solvay. Ndị China na-azụ ahịa nwere mmasị na ihe nketa akụkọ ihe mere eme miri emi nke Suwei na ọrụ aka ọdịnala ya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-enwe mmasị na mmanya wiski dị njikere ịkwụ ihe karịrị £150 kwa karama, ihe karịrị 90% n'ime ha kwenyere na mmanya wiski otu bụ mmanya kacha mma n'ahịa. Dịka data sitere na China Customs si kwuo na 2021, ọnụ ahịa mmanya wiski nke mba ahụ mụbara site na 43.9% kwa afọ, ruo lita nde 30.28, ọnụ ahịa mbubata ahụ mụbara site na 92%, ruo nde dollar US 460.